Turbine.



L. W. ZAAR.

TURBINE, APPucAnoN FILED No1/.6. 191s.

Patented 1110.111918.

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TuRBmE.

APPLICATON HLED NOV. 6| 1915. I 1,288,360. Patented Dec. 17, 1918.

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L. W. ZAAR.

Turisme. APPLICATION FILED NOV- 6.1916.

4 Patented Dec. 17,1918.

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r ms uns m. rua-mum UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

LUDWIG W. ZAAR, F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

TURBINE.

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Application filed November 6. 1916.

To all yw/iwnt t may concern.'

Be it known that I, LUDWIG lV. Zaan, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of lllinois, have invented cert-ain new and useful lmprovemcnts in Turbines, of which the following' is a specification.

This invention relates to turbine motors, and it consists in certain pecularities of the construction, novel arrangement and opera'- tion of the various parts thereof.y as will be hereinafter more fully set forth and specilically claimed.

The principal object of this invention is to provide a turbine motor which shall be compact in form, strong, and durable, simple and inexpensive in construction, having a maximum. of ellpiciency with a minimum of friction, capable of generating high speed und great power, and which is adapted t0 be operated either by the intermittent explosion of `gases or by the constant flow of other motive liuids or agents, such as air, steam or water under pressure.

Other objects of my invention or im- )rovements will appear from Ythe description and explanation hereinafter contained and the. features of novelty will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawinO's which serve to illustrate an embodiment of the inrention,

Figure l, is a central longitudinal sectional view of a motor embodying one form of the invention,

Fig. 2, is a cross-sectional View taken on line 2 2 of Fig. l, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Fig. 3, is a detached perspective view of one of the rotors or movable disks or members of the motor.

Fig l, is a similar View of one of the stators or stationary members of the motor.

Fig. .3, is a central longitudinal sectional View of the motor showing' a modification in the construction thereof, and

Fig. 6, is an enlarged plan sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. l, as indicated by the arrows showing means for supplying motive fluid or agents to the interior of the engine cylinder or casing.

Like numerals of reference, refer to corresponding parts throughout the diierent views of the drawings.

Referring now to Figs. l to -l inclusive, and to Fig. l, the reference numeral l() Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 17, 1918.

Serial No. 129,752.

designates the cylinder of the engine or motor, which cylinder by preference has each of its ends internally screw-threaded to engage the heads ll one of Which is located at each end of the cylinder, as is clearly shown in Fig. l of the drawings. One of the heads ll is provided near its periphery with one or more inlets l2 for the admission of the moti ve agent or fluid to the interior of the cylinder or casing, and as shown in Figs. l and G of the drawings, said inlet or inlets is or are loca-ted obliquely with respect to the head of the cylinder, and said inlet or inlets may be provided with a nozzle or pipe 13 leading to a supply of motive fluid or agent under pressure, not shown. Each of the cylinder heads ll is provided centrally with an opening 14 in which is located a power sha-ft l which has its portions outwardly of the heads ll journaled in suitable anti-friction bearings 1G which bearings are mounted in suitable races or recesses 1T with which each of the heads ll is provided in its outer surface around the opening lll therein. The head l1 opposite the head having the inlets is provided with an outlet or exhaust port 1S, which is by preference located near the bottom of the motor or engine. Bigidly fixed to the shaft l5 by means of a spline 19 or otherwise, are a plurality of rotors or disk like members 20, which are of considerably less diameter than the cylinder l0 and also of less (,lianieter than the stators or fixed members 2l which are located alternately with respect to the rotors or members 20 and are of such diameter as to fit closely within the cylinder 10, to which they may be firmly secured by means of screw-bolts 22 'which are extended through suitable openings in the cylinder and are seated in the stators or fixed members or disks 2,1 at their periphcries.

By referring to Figs. l and 4 of the drawings, it will be seen that each of the members 2l is provided with a centrally located circular opening 23, and that each of said members has at its periphery an annular flange 24 which overhangs and are clearly spaced from the peripheries of the rotors or disk like movable members. It will also be observed by reference to said figures, that each of the members 21 has in its face opposite the inlet end of the cylinder, an annular groove 2.5 which are located near the peripheries of said members and are for the reception of annular extensions 26 on the ad jacent fac-es oi the members 21 as Well ashror the reception of an annular extension 2i on the inner portion of the head 11 which4 is provided with an outlet or exhaust port. Byl

this arrangement it will be seen and understood'lthat the members 21 will be rigidly and securely connected to the cylinder as Well as to its heads in such a Way as to surround with their danges 24:, the peripheries of the rotors or members 20, which as betere stated, are fixed to the shaft 15 so as to rotate therewith.

Each or' the stators .or members 21 1s provided between its centralopening 2? and its periphery with a number of conduits or openings 28, which are by preference arranged radially in a circle concentric with the central opening and periphery of each ot said members, as is clearly shown in Fig. fl ot the drawings. These openings or conduits 2S, are by preference ot substantially `the form shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings,

that is to say, they are located diagonally with respect to the disks 21, that is they extend through said disks from the aces thereor' adjacent to the inlet end ot said cylinder to and through the opposite faces in the direction of the rotation of the rotors or movable members Q0, and have their discharging ends tapered While their ends adjacent to the inlet head of the cylinder are enlarged and provided With angular Walls 29, (see Fig. Gl which enlarged portions are adapted to register momentarily with the chambers or pockets 30 of the rotors or members 20, which chambers or pockets 30 are by preference substantially l." -shaped with their points or apeXes presented in the direction oit the 'rotation ot' the members 2O or rotors. By reference to Fig. G it `will be clearly seen andreadily `understood that the chambers or pocketsBO extend through each of the members 2O from one ot the faces there ot to and through the other faces7 thus presenting an inlet portion 31 and an outlet portion 3:2 for each of said openings, the inlet portion 31 ot each of the openings 30 in the members 2O adjacent to the inlet head 11 are adapted for communication with the inlet port or ports 19', While the outlet portion of; each of said members is adapted to communicate momentarily with the enlarged portions of the conduits 28 in the members 21 in the operation of the motor. The outlet or tapered ends of the conduits :'28 in the members 21 'will communicate with the pockets or chambers BO in the rotors or members 20 interposed between the members 21 or stators as is obvious.

By preference, the stator 21 adjacent to the inlet head 11 is provided with about 'four (e) of the conduits While the stator adjacent thereto is provided with about sin (Gl of said conduits` and the remainder et said stators have a corresponding increase in the number ot conduits. Each ot' the disks or rotors 2O is provided with a large number oli the pockets or chambers 30, of the con struction shown in Figs. 3 and 6 of the drawings, which chambers or pockets are arranged radially near the periphery of each or the disks 2O and'in a circle concentric with the periphery and central opening of the disks. I do not desire to limit myseltto the number of pockets 30 with which each of the disks or members 20 is provided, nor do l desire to be limited to the number of conduits 28 with Which the members 21 are provided, but it is essential that the disks Q0 shall have a greater number ot pockets or chambers 30 than there are conduits in the stators Q1 or fixed members.

By-reference to Figs. 17 2, and 3, of the drawings, it Will be clearly seen and understood, that each of the disks or members 2() is provided on its face adjacent to the exhaust head of the cylinder of the motor with a hub 33, each of .which is provided on its outer surface with a series of diagonally disposed recesses 3st, each of which has an abrupt wall thus affording what may be termed a rotary fan on the periphery ol the hub of each of the rotors. rlhe tace of each ot' the rotors 2O adjacent to the hub thereof, is also provided with a series ot depres sions or recesses 36 each of which has an abrupt wall Which Walls have substantially the same inclination with respect to the hub 33 oi the disk as do the `Walls 35 ol' the depressions or recesses 3l thereon. 'lhus it Will be understood thatas the rotors are turned by the action of the motive fluid. the recesses Se on the hubs oi the rotors.y will force the air, gases, or motive liuid toward the adjacent faces or the rotors and that then the depressions or recesses 3G in the faces of the rotors Will torce the air, gases or motive fluid outwardly or toward the chambers 30 in the rotors and the conduits 2S in the stators or members 21. It will be seen and understood by reference to Figs. 1 and 5, that the rotors and stators are spaced from each other and also that said parts are spaced from the heads of the cylinder so that there will be no metallic ifrictionin the operation of the motor. xThe rotor 2O adjacent to the inlet head of the motor cylinder is provided on its tace adjacent thereto With a series of depressions 3S simi? a plurality of sections, but in the present instance a single sect-ion and a part of another one only is shown. in this modilied construction the section of the cylinder at the right-hand side ot the figure ot the drawing, is of substantially the same construction as that shown in Fig. l and above described except, that the head of the cylinder oppo-r site the inlet head is enlarged and is de 'ignated by the reference ninneral l0 and as being provided With a number oitl conduits tl which extend diagonally through said head from the smaller portion ot the cylinder to the larger portion d2, in which larger portion the saine construction and arrangement oi the roto-rs and stators are employed, except that their dimensions are amplified. Fronti the foregoing and by reference to the drawings, it will be seen and understood that by supplying motive fluid under pressure to the cylinder through the inlet orinlets l2, it Will pass into the pockets or chainbers 30 of the rotor 2() adjacent to the inlet head ll, and in so doing it Vwill be discharged against the inner Walls of the V- shaped pockets or chambers and Ainto the apexes of said chambers, thus concentrating its torce and effect, and that as said rotor revolves the portions 32 of the chambers 30 will mor-nent: riiy communicate with the enlarged ends oi the conduits Q8, thus permitting the motiye iiuid to pass through said conduits, and as they are tapered tou'ard their discharging ends, to 'be con'ipressed as they enter the chambers or pockets ot the rotor adjacent to the discharging ends ot' said conduit. As the motive 'duid eXp-ands as it advances through the cylinder, the stators or members 21 are proi'ided with an iucreasing number oiZ openings therein toward the opposite end of the cylinder. I

llifhile have .herein described in sonic detail, and illustrated a. particular embodiment ot the inyentionthat l have Afound in practice to be advantageous and desirable, in many otl its details or features and certain details of which l may claim, it ,will be understood that, in the broader aspects of my invention many changes may be made in the. specic construction without departure from the spirit of my invention, and Within the scope ot' the appended claims. In using the term motive lluid i desire to be understood as meaning the agent or means employed to give movement to the parts of the motor.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters' Patent is l. ln a turbine motor, the combination with a cylinder or casing having an exhaust outlet, of means for introducing motive luid under pressure into the cylinder, a plurality of rotors, and a plurality of stators'alternately arranged side by side Within the cylinder. said rotors and stators having chainbers or pockets and conduits, respectively, formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, and means to remove the inotive fluid outwardly from their axes.

ln a turbine motor, the combination with a cylinder, ot' a plurality of rotors and a plurality of stators alternately arranged side by side Within the cylinder and spaced from each other, said rotors and said stakers having chambers or pockets and conduits, respectively, formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, means tor intl-odin'- ing motive fluid under pressure into thc cylinder and directly into the pockets of one oi said rotors in the direction of the movement thereof, means for exhausting the cylinder, and means to force the motive iluid out- Wardly from their axes.

3. In a turbine motor, the combination With a cylinder having an exhaust outlet, ci a plurality of rotors and a plurality ot' stators alternately arranged side by side within the cylinder and spaced from each other, said rotors and said stators having chambers or pockets and conduits, respectiyely, 'formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, means for introducing moti ve iluid under pressure into the cylinder and directly into the pockets of one of said rotors in the direction oit the movement thereof, and means carried by the rotors to :torce the inotive i'luid outwardly :troni their axes.

l. in a turbine motor, the combination With a cylinder having an exhaust outlet, oi a shaft centrally journaled in said cylinder, a plurality of dish-like rotors iixed on said shaft Within the cylinder, a. plurality ot stators secured to the inne-1' surface of the cylinder and interposed alternately between the rotors but spaced therefrom, said rotors and said stators haring` inwardly of their periphcries chambers or pockets and conduits. respectively, termed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, mean-s lor introduring motive tluid under pressure into the cylinder and directly into the pocltets of one ol said rotors in the direction ot the moyeuzeut thereof, and means to torce the moti Ve fluid outwardly from their axes.

5. In a turbine motor, the combination with a cylinder haring an exhaust outlet, ol a plurality oi' rotors and a plurality oit stators alternately arranged side by side within the cylinder and spaced from each other, said rotors having inwardly of their peripheries chambers or pockets lormed therethrough at spaced distances therfmround, cach of the said chambers or pockets being in the form ot an acute anglo with its apex presented in the direction oic the rotation ot the rotors, said stators having conduits formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, said conduits beinglocated diagonally across the stators and tapered toward their discharging ends, means for introduc- Cil ing motive fluid under pressure into the cylinder and direct-ly into thepockets or one oi said rotors in the direction of the increment i the cylinder' and spaced from each other, said rotors having chambers or pocketsl'orined therethrough at` spaced distances therearound, each ci the said chambersior pockets being in the icrm of an acute angley with its apexv presented yin the direction` of thcrotation ot' the rotors. said stators haringl conduits formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, saidqconduits beinglocated diagonally across thestators and t3.-4v

pered ytoward their discharging vends, means y for introducing,motive iluid under pressure into the cylinder and directly into the pockcts olione. of said yrotors in the direction lof the movement thereof, and means carried by the rotors to force the motive tluid outwardly trom their axes.

7. In a turbine motor, the combination,

with acylinder having an exhaust outlet, ot' a pluralityoi rotors and a plurality ot stators alternately arranged side. by side r,With-f in the cylinder and spaced from eachl other, each of said rotors having chambers or pockets formed therethrough at spaced distances thercaround, each ci vxwhich chambers being in the forni of an acute anglewitli its apex presented inthe direction of the movement of the rotor, each of said stators having conduits formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, each of said conduits beingk diagonally located in thestators.i and tapered toward its` discharging end, the inlet end of each of said conduits beingienlarged with its wallsarrangedat yan angle tothe conduit, means for introducing motive iluid. underpressure into the cylinder and directly into the pocketsA of one of said rotors in the direction of the `movement thereof7 and means .carried by the rotorsto orcethe motive fluid outwardly from` their axes.

S. In a turbinel motor, the combination with a cylinder having an exhaust outlet, of a shaft centrally journaled in said cylinder, a plurality of dish-like rotors fixed on said shaft and Within the cylinder, a pluralityof stators secured to the inner surfaces of the cylinder and interposed alternately between the rotors but spaced therefrom, said rotors having chambers or pockets formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, each ot' said chambers having an acute-angle presented in the direction of the movement of the rotor, said stators having conduits formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, each of said conduits being located diagonally across the stators and reduced toward its discharging end means for introducing motive fluid under pressure into the cylinder and direct-ly into the pochets of one of said rotors inthe direction of the movement thereof, and means carried by the rotors to force the motive fluid outwardly from their axes.

9. In aturbine motor, the combination With a cylinder having an exhaust outlet, of a shaft centrally journaled 4in said cylinder, a plurality or dislclike rotors lixed `on said shaftwithin the cylinder and each having a.

hubV extended therefromy and surrounding.

said shaft, the said hub having depressions in its periphery, each of which has its rear Wall linclined rearwardly With respect to the travel .of the rotor, a plurality of stators secured to the inner surfacefof kthe cylinder and interposed alternately between thc rotors but spaced therefrom, said stators having conduits formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound and means forintroducing motive lluid under pressure into the cylinderand directly into the pockets of one oi said/rotors in the direction of the movement thereof.

10. In a turbine motor, the combination With al cylinder having an exhaust outlet, of

a shaft centrally journaled in said cylinder, a plurality of diskflike rotors lixed on said shaft Within the cylinder and each having a hub extended therefrom and surrounding said shaft the, said hub having depressionsv in its periphery, each of which has its rear Wall inclined rearWardlyWith respect to the travel of the r`otorstlie face of each disk adjacent to its hub having depressions therein each of `Which has its rear Wall inclinedy rear- Wardly With respect to the travel of the rotor7` a plurality of statorssecured-to the inner surface of thecylinder and interposed be-y tvv-een the .rotors but spacedthereiroin, said stators having conduitsxforined therethrough at spaced distances therearound, and means for introducing motive fluid under pressureV bers or pockets and conduits, respectively,V

formed, therethrough at spacedy distances therearound, and means to remove the motive fluid outwardly from their axes.

1Q. In a turbine motor, the. combination With a cylinder or casingA having an exhaust outlet, of means for introducing motive Huid under pressureinto the cylinder, a rotor and a stator arranged side by side Within the cylinder said rotor and stator having chambers or pockets and conduits, respectively,

foi-ined therethrough at spaced distances therearound, and means carried by the rotor to force the motive fluid outwardly from its axis.

13. ln a turbine motor, the combination with a cylinder or casing having an exhaust outlet7 of ine-ans for introducing motive uid under pressure into the cylinder, a rotor and a stator arranged side by side Within the cylinder, said rotor and stator having chambers or pockets and conduits, respectively,

formed therethrough at spaced distances therearound, the Said rotor having a greater number of pockets or chambers than the stator has conduits and means carried by the rotor to force the motive {iuid outwardly from its axis.

LUDWIG W. ZAAR.

Witnesses:

CHAs. C. TILLMAN, L. E. PUZUK.

@spies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

